Harnessing the potential of natural resources provides an opportunity to improve the fiscal and debt sustainability of African countries. Natural resources (oil, gas, and minerals) offer a huge economic opportunity for SSA economies during the low carbon transition. Tapping into energy resources can improve energy access. Africa faces a significant challenge to meet its universal, high-quality energy access goals. In 2022, 600 million people in Africa, or 43% of the continent, lacked access to electricity. However, Africa’s resource base and associated investments could help accelerate progress by developing diverse energy sources. Because many natural resource projects are located in remote and rural communities, the scale-up of green energy investments and regional infrastructure could be leveraged to alleviate rural poverty and promote productivity gains. African countries can leverage their resources to bring together gas and renewable energy to meet domestic needs. Prioritizing inward investments in newly discovered and underdeveloped natural gas reserves can mobilize export revenues and spur domestic energy production and access. In addition, regional integration and the implementation of a continental free trade area hold huge potential to spur economic transformation across SSA. A just transition for Africa will depend on successfully harnessing the economic benefits from oil, gas, and mineral resources, including good governance and sound macro-fiscal management of resource revenues, while also preparing for a low-carbon future. Effective management of natural resource wealth can unlock significant opportunities for job creation, value addition, and investments in human development. Given the extent of natural resource abundance, this wealth can play a central role in the transformation for Africa’s economic future.